Remembering Afeni Shakur: Our Own Black Shining Princess (cont.) "People who are oppressed and exploited must use every means God gave to them to free themselves. Remember, until all of us are free, none of us are free. You have used your gifts to achieve some fame and fortune for yourselves, and think you are better than your brothers and sisters, who are cabined, cribbed, and confined in projects, ghettoes, 'hoods,' and jails. You'd better watch it. For the same forces which have allowed you to succeed and encouraged alienation from your people will one day say to you, ‘We don't need you anymore', or, 'You are getting too big. We have to cut you down to size. Then, where are you going? Back to the homies? Well, then you'd better make sure that when your homies call, you are there for them. "The Cosmological Rhythmic Essence (CRE) is not confined to music or art. It's all over us. It shows up everywhere. It shows up on the basketball court. We could not just put the ball in the hoop and run back up the court. We had to acrobatically, rhythmically hurl ourselves into the airway above the rim, and slam dunk. We had to dribble the ball up to our opponent, then swing in behind our backs, moving it from one hand to the other. Then, almost simultaneously, leaping into the air with a twisting slam dunk; and, then go dancing or swaying rhythmically back up court. This is done without effort. Go to any park and watch a basketball game, or watch rope jumping, especially Double Dutch and you will see poetry in motion. "Let me make this important point. When we rapped, even when we played the dozens, we were competitive. We tried to outdo each other in expressing our artistic skills. It did not turn to violence. Somewhere, and somehow, in recent times, we have allowed our creative genius and the legacy bequeathed to us from our ancestors and from God to become a bone of contention, confrontation, and death. "Oh, God, help us! The unspeakable irony, what has been given to us to lift and save us, we have turned them into something to put us down, and kill us, causing our ancestors to turn over in their graves, our grieving loved ones to sob, and all our people to weep while our enemies make big profits and laugh all the way to the bank. "We have done the impossible. We married our worst with the best; the hate and violence among us with the love and genius within us. We have brought hell and heaven together, and married the devil to God. "One more word on this point: This rhythm of which I speak is not confined to music, dance, or sports. Because it is the essence of whom we are, it comes out in everything we do, even in how we relate to each other. We don't shake hands; we give skin, high fives, and low fives. "Another reason that God gave us this CRE is to enable us to subdue and bend our purpose to extend reality. So, whatever the situation, we remain invincible and victorious. Now, we understand why we have progressed against seemingly impossible odds. The CRE kept us in touch with God, who enabled us to see it through - and, see it through with music and humor. "With the slave master's whip on our backs, we could sing, 'Up above my head I hear music in the air.' With worn and tattered clothes on our backs and no shoes on our feet, we could sing, 'I got a robe; you got a robe, all God's children got robes. When we get to heaven, we gonna put on our robes, and shout all over God's heaven. I got shoes, you got shoes, all God's children got shoes when I get to heaven gonna put on my shoes, walk all over God's heaven. "And, then looking at the slave masters, they continued, 'Everybody talking about heaven ain't going there.' Living in shanties on the plantation or sharecroppers field, and sometimes homeless, we could still sing, 'I've been tossed and I've been driven; got nowhere to call my own, but I been a'hearing of a city called heaven, and I been trying to make it my home.' "Moreover, this CRE not only kept peace in our minds, joy in our hearts, music in our souls, and creativity in our spirits, but it also angered us and enraged us, as we surveyed our predicament. In this connection, James Baldwin said, 'To be Black in America, and to be relatively conscious is to be in a rage almost all the time.' Tupac was not the first to say, 'F-- the world.' Even the Bible said, 'Love not the world neither the things that are in the world…,’ meaning the values of the dominant class or race who really controls and promotes what is important to them. "In addition, this CRE enabled us to fight back, to make revolution. When Tupac joined our church, he said, 'I want to be a revolutionary.' When Tupac said, 'Me against the world,' he was partly wrong because it's 'us against the world,' against the demonic decadence of this society, but the CRE which inspired the 'fight back' rap Tupac was the same CRE that inspired his ancestors and all of the strugglers. Listen! 'My Lord, what a morning when the stars begin to fall. If I had my way, I’d tear this building down. Satan, your kingdom must come down.’ "Those were songs of slave days, the share-cropping/segregation times. When the racists were more open, more blatant, and more vicious, it was necessary to sing in code - our hopes and plans for freedom had to be kept in super secrecy. In more recent times, we sang, 'We shall overcome,' and Piggie, Piggie, you can go.' Who can deny that to a perilous degree, this is a sex-obsessed, drug-intoxicated - and, I'm not referring to crack and heroin, but the pills we need to get us up, keep us going, and put us to sleep at night. It is a violent-crazed, pleasure-driven, bigoted, and materialistic society. We didn't make it that way.” Tupac didn't make it that way. The rappers didn't make it that way. The youth didn't make it that way. Unfortunately, and tragically, all too often we mirror what we hear, see, and have been taught by the larger society. "Finally, in the name of God and in the name of our mothers and fathers, and all our people, past and present, in the name of Tupac, let us be against the world, and stop being against ourselves. Let us lay our swords and shields by the riverside and study war no more. Let us put away our Tec9's and Uzi's and make peace once and for all. Marvin Gaye asked, ‘What's going on?' If we must be competitive, let's go back to the old ways. Let's see who is the baddest rapper. Who's got the beat? Who's got the poetry? Who’s got the rhythm? "If we rise to that challenge, we would push each other to new heights of creativity, and all of us would be the winners in every way. Across the length and breadth of this land, hearts are broken and eyes are weeping, and we ask, 'What can we give? What can we do? How shall we remember Tupac?' The greatest gift we can give to Tupac Amaru Shakur is to give ourselves to God and to each other; and, all of us individually and collectively, commit to being and doing all that we can be and do."

Continuing the Impeachment of Mr. Trump The lead attorney Mr. Jamie Raskin was outstanding and for people of African Ancestry it was especially a proud moment as we watched Stacey Plaskett and Joseph Neguse not only present a compelling case with great eloquence and persuasiveness but their decorum was equally impressive. And that they came from different parts of the world, they made people of African Ancestry elated throughout the Diaspora: Jamie Raskin D-MD, Diana DeGette, D-CO David Cicilline D-RI, Jaoquin Castro D-TX, Eric Swalwell D-CA, Ted Lieu D-CA, Stacey Plaskett D-Virgin Islands, Madeleine Dean R-PA, Joseph Neguse D-CO Since I have presented the case against Mr. Trump it is only fair that I present the argument of Mr. Trump attorneys: “During the past four years, Democrat members of the United States House of Representatives have filed at least nine (9) resolutions to impeach Donald J. Trump, the 45th President of the United States, 1 each containing charges more outlandish than the next.2 One might have been excused for thinking that the Democrats’ fevered hatred for Citizen Trump and their “Trump Derangement Syndrome” would have broken by now, seeing as he is no longer the President, and yet for the second time in just over a year the United States Senate is preparing to sit as a Court of Impeachment, but this time over a private citizen who is a former President. 3 In this Country, the Constitution – not a political party and not politicians – reigns supreme. But through this latest Article of Impeachment now before the Senate, Democrat politicians seek to carve out a mechanism by which they can silence a political opponent and a minority party. The Senate must summarily reject this brazen political act. This rushed, single article of impeachment ignores the very Constitution from which its power comes and is itself defectively drafted. In bringing this impeachment at all, the Members of the House leadership have debased the grave power of impeachment and disdained the solemn responsibility that this awesome power entails. In bringing this impeachment in the manner in which they did, namely via a process that violated every precedent and every principle of fairness followed in impeachment inquiries for more than 150 years, they offered the public a master’s class in the art of political opportunism. The intellectual dishonesty and factual vacuity put forth by the House Managers in their trial memorandum only serve to further punctuate the point that this impeachment proceeding was never about seeking justice. 4 Instead, this was only ever a selfish attempt by Democratic leadership in the House to prey upon the feelings of horror and confusion that fell upon all Americans across the entire political spectrum upon seeing the destruction at the Capitol on January 6 by a few hundred people. Instead of acting to heal the nation, or at the very least focusing on prosecuting the lawbreakers who stormed the Capitol, the Speaker of the House and her allies have tried to callously harness the chaos of the moment for their own political gain. II. STATEMENT OF FACTS RELEVANT TO THE ARTICLE OF IMPEACHMENT On January 6, 2021, rioters entered the Capitol building and wrought unprecedented havoc, mayhem, and death. In a brazen attempt to further glorify violence, the House Managers took several pages of their Memorandum to restate over 50 sensationalized media reports detailing the horrific incidents and shocking violence of those hours. Counsel for the 45th President hereby stipulate that what happened at the Capitol by those criminals was horrible and horrific in every sense of those words. Their actions were utterly inexcusable and deserve robust and swift investigation and prosecution. As President Trump said in a video statement of condemnation, “I want to be very clear, I unequivocally condemn the violence that we saw last week. Violence and vandalism have absolutely no place in our country and no place in our movement.”5 Mr. Trump’s comments echoed his sentiments expressed the day of the rally, as he repeatedly urged protesters to stay peaceful,6 and told rioters to go home.7 8 The House Managers’ compulsion to obfuscate the truth is borne out of an absence of evidence relied upon in their “Statement of Facts.” As the body vested with the sole power to impeach, the House serves as the investigator and prosecutor. There was no investigation. The House abdicated that responsibility to the media. Of the 170 footnotes in the House Manager’s Trial Memorandum, there were only three citations to affidavits of four law enforcement officers and they were merely referenced to support descriptions of what rioters were wearing and weapons that were found. The rest of the purported “facts” relied upon by these Constitutionally-charged prosecutors came from hearsay through the media. The intellectual dishonesty and factual vacuity put forth by the House Managers in their On January 6,2021, rioters entered the Capitol building and wrought unprecedented havoc, 2 vandalism have absolutely no place in our country and no place in our movement.”5Mr.Trump’s comments echoed his sentiments expressed the day of the rally, as he repeatedly urged protesters to stay peaceful,6 and told rioters to go home.7 8 evidence relied upon in their “Statement of Facts.” As the body vested with the sole power to impeach, the House serves as the investigator and prosecutor. There was no investigation. The House abdicated that responsibility to the media. Of the 170 footnotes in the House Manager’s Trial Memorandum, there were only three citations to affidavits of four law enforcement officers and they were merely referenced to support descriptions of what rioters were wearing and weapons that were found. The rest of the purported “facts” relied upon by these Constitutionally-charged prosecutors came from hearsay through the media.” To repeat it was crystal clear to everyone that the presentation by the House management team had presented overwhelming evidence that Trump was guilty. But the team was up against almost the impossible obstacles. They had to win not only the argument of Mr. Trump’s guilt, also they had to win enough Senators who would vote for their country’s interest and not their own. It reminded me of my basketball playing days in the park or gym. There was a player, I'll call his name John, he vigorously, disruptively argued practically that every play was against him. He generally won his arguments as players grew weary of arguing and would let him have his way. Early on I became aware that you had to not only beat him on the court, but also win the arguments if you were going to win the game and remain on the court. You stay on the court or continue to play as long as you want. I decided that I'd rather have him on my team then to play against him. After all, most of us had come to the gym or to the park just to have fun. If we won it was okay, and if we lost it was no big thing as long as we had a good run or exercise. But to John it seemed that he had a psychological need to win every game and to win every argument. Similarly, the House prosecution team had to win not only the legal arguments to convict Mr. Trump but also, they had to win against political interest and corruption. As I stated, it was a near impossible task. So, I don’t think anyone was surprised when Mr. Trump was found not guilty. But the prosecution team and all fair-minded observers were unanimous in their agreement that Mr. Trump was guilty as charged.

Continuing the Impeachment of Mr. Trump: Statements by Senators Schumer and McConnell Again, in the interest of historical accuracy and fairness, I am going to include the statement of Senator McConnell. Another reason for including McConnell's statement I believe it is important that generations yet unborn should read and study this speech for its classic display of “speaking out of both sides of your mouth” or what the Native Americans used to call “fork tongue.” Senator Mitch McConnell’s Statement “January 6th was a disgrace. American citizens attacked their own government. They use terrorism to try to stop a specific piece of domestic business they did not like. Fellow Americans beat and bloodied our own police. They stormed the center floor. They tried to hunt down the Speaker of the House. They built a gallows and chatted about murdering the vice president. They did this because they’d been fed wild, falsehoods by the most powerful man on earth because he was angry. He lost an election. Former President Trump’s actions preceded the riot or a disgraceful dereliction of duty. The House accused the former president of “Incitement”. That is a specific term from the criminal law. Let me just put that aside for a moment and reiterate something I said weeks ago. There’s no question, none, that President Trump is practically and morally responsible for provoking the events of the day. No question about it. The people who stormed this building believed they were acting on the wishes and instructions of their president and having that belief was a foreseeable consequence of the growing crescendo of false statements, conspiracy theories, and reckless hyperbole, which the defeated president kept shouting into the largest megaphone on planet Earth. The issue is not only the president in temperate language on January 6th. It is not just his endorsement of remarks in which an associate urged quote “Trial by combat”. It was also the entire manufactured atmosphere of looming catastrophe. The increasingly wild myths about a reverse landslide election that was somehow being stolen. Some secret coup by our now president. Now I defended the president’s right to bring any complaints to our legal system. The legal system spoke, and the electoral college spoke. As I stood up and said, clearly at that time, the election was settled. It was over, but that just really opened a new chapter of even wilder and more unfounded claims. The leader of the free world cannot spend weeks thundering that shadowy forces are stealing our country and then feign surprise when people believe him and do reckless things. Sadly many politicians sometimes make overheated comments or use metaphors. We saw that. That unhinged listeners might take it literally, but that was different. That’s different from what we saw. This was an intensifying crescendo of conspiracy theories orchestrated by an outgoing president who seemed determined to either overturn the voter’s decision or else torch our institutions on the way out. The unconscionable behavior did not end when the violence actually began. Whatever our ex-president claims he thought might happen a day, whatever right reaction he says he meant to produce by that afternoon we know he was watching the same live television as the rest of us. A mob was assaulting the Capitol in his name, these criminals who are carrying his banners, hanging his flags, and screaming their loyalty to him. It was obvious that only President Trump could end this. He was the only one who could. Former aides publicly begged him to do so. Loyal allies frantically called the administration. The president did not act swiftly. He did not do his job. He didn’t take steps so federal law could be faithfully executed and order restored. No, instead, according to public reports, he watched television happily as the chaos unfolded. He kept pressing his scheme to overturn the election. Now, even after it was clear to any reasonable observer that Vice President Pence was in serious danger. Even as the mob carrying Trump banners was beating cops and breaching perimeters their president sent a further tweet, attacking his own vice president. Now predictably and foreseeably under the circumstances, members of the mob seemed to interpret this as further inspiration to lawlessness and violence not surprisingly. Later, even when the president halfheartedly began calling for peace he didn’t call right away for the riot to end. He did not tell the mob to depart until even later. And even then with police officers bleeding and broken glass covering Capitol floors, he kept repeating election laws and praising the criminals. In recent weeks, our ex-president’s associates have tried to use the 74 million Americans who voted to reelect him as a kind of human shield against criticism. Using the 74 million who voted for him as kind of a human seal shield against criticism. Anyone who decries his awful behavior is accused of insulting millions of voters. That’s an absurd deflection. 74 million Americans did not invade the Capitol, hundreds of rioters did. 74 million Americans did not engineer the campaign of disinformation and rage that provoked it. One person did, just one. I’ve made my view of this episode very plain, but our system of government gave the Senate a specific task. The Constitution gives us a particular role. This body is not invited to act as the nation’s overarching moral tribunal. We’re not free to work backward from whether the accused party might personally deserve some kind of punishment. Justice Joseph Story, our nation's first great constitutional scholar, as he explained nearly 200 years ago, that the process of impeachment and conviction is a narrow tool. A narrow tool for a narrow purpose. The story explained this limited tool exists to quote, “Secure the state against gross official misdemeanors''. That is to protect the country from government officers. If President Trump were still in office, I would have carefully considered whether the House managers proved their specific charge. By the strict criminal standard, the president’s speech probably was not incitement. However, in the context of impeachment, the Senate might have decided this was acceptable shorthand for the reckless actions that preceded the riot. But in this case, the question is moot because former President Trump is constitutionally not eligible for conviction. Now, this is a close question. No doubt. Donald Trump was the president when the House voted. Though, not when the House chose to deliver the paper. Brilliant scholars argue both sides of this jurisdictional question. The text is legitimately ambiguous. I respect my colleagues who’ve reached either conclusion. But after intense reflection, I believe the best constitutional reading shows that article two, section four, exhausts the set of persons who can legitimately be impeached, tried, or convicted. It’s the president, it’s the vice-president and the civil officers. We have no power to convict and disqualify a former office holder who is now a private citizen. Here is article two, section four, quote, “The president, the vice-president and all civil officers of the United States shall be removed from office on impeachment for and conviction of treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors,” end quote. Now, everyone basically agrees that the second half of that sentence exhausts the legitimate grounds for conviction. The debates around the Constitution’s framing make that abundantly clear. Congress cannot convict for reasons besides those. It, therefore, follows that the list of persons in that same sentence is also exhausted. There’s no reason why one list would be exhaustive, but the other would not. Article two, section four must limit both why impeachment and conviction can occur and to whom if this revision does not limit impeachment and conviction powers then it has no limits at all. The House has the sole power of impeachment and the Senate’s sole power to try all impeachments, which would create an unlimited circular logic empowering Congress to ban any private citizen from federal office. Now, that’s an incredible claim, but it’s the argument of the House managers seem to be making. One manager said the House and Senate have “Absolute unqualified, jurisdictional power”, end quote. Well, that was very honest because there is no limiting principle in the constitutional text that would empower the Senate to convict former officers that would not also let them convict and disqualify any private citizen, an absurd end result to which no one subscribes. Article two section four must-have force. It tells us the president, the vice president, and civil officers may be impeached and convicted. Donald Trump’s no longer the president. Likewise, the provision states that officers subject to impeachment and conviction shall be removed from office if convicted. Shall be removed from office, if convicted. As Justice Story explained, the Senate upon conviction is bound, in all cases, to enter a judgment of removal from office. Removal is mandatory upon conviction.” To be continued…

Continuing the Impeachment of Mr. Trump: Statements by Senators Schumer and McConnell “Clearly he explained that mandatory sentence cannot be applied to someone who’s left office. The entire process revolves around removal. If removal becomes impossible, the conviction becomes insensible. In one light it certainly does seem counterintuitive that an office holder can elude Senate conviction by resignation or exploration of term, an argument we heard made by the managers. But this underscores that impeachment was never meant to be the final forum for American justice. Never meant to be the final forum for American justice. Impeachment conviction and removal are specific intra-governmental safety valves. It is not the criminal justice system where individual accountability is the paramount goal. Indeed, Justice Story specifically reminded us that while former officials were not eligible for impeachment or conviction, they were, and this was extremely important, still labile to be tried and punished in the ordinary tribunals of justice. Put another way in the language of today, President Trump is still liable for everything he did while he was in office as an ordinary citizen. Unless the statute of limitations is run, still liable for everything he did while he was in office. Justice Story didn’t get away with anything, yet. Yet. We have a criminal justice system in this country. We have civil litigation and former presidents are not immune from being accountable to either one. I believe the Senate was right not to grab power the Constitution doesn’t give us. And the Senate was right not to entertain some light-speed sham process to try to outrun the loss of jurisdiction. It took both sides more than a week just to produce their pre-trial briefs. Speaker Pelosi’s own scheduling decisions conceded what President Biden publicly confirmed, a Senate verdict before inauguration day was never possible. Now, Mr. President, this has been a dispiriting time, but the Senate had done its duty. The framers’ firewall helped held up again. Oh, on January the sixth, we returned to our posts and certified the election. We were uncowed. We were not intimidated. We finished the job. And since then we resisted the climber to defy our own constitutional guardrails in hot pursuit of a particular outcome. We refused to continue a cycle of recklessness by straining our own constitutional boundaries in response. The Senate’s decision today does not condone anything that happened on or before that terrible day. It simply shows that senators did what the former president failed to do. We put our constitutional duty first.” Glaring Contradictions The glaring contradictions in Senator McConnell’s speech that even a child could see and understand it. But the display of hypocrisy, inconsistency, and contradiction is not unusual for this Senator. Part of his statement could have been made by the prosecution team. His statement was as persuasive and eloquent as any member of the prosecution team. Then he gave a couple of reasons why he voted not to convict or impeach. He said in essence, that he believed that the Constitution did not give the right to convict or do anything to a president who is no longer in office. Two Important Points The Senate at the beginning had ruled that it was Constitutional to proceed with the impeachment even though Mr. Trump was no longer in office. The Constitution gave the Senate the authority to make the rules of impeachment. There was a long discussion on that point. And as before stated, the Senate voted to proceed. Second point: This is where the glaring hypocrisy enters. It was up to Mr. McConnell to decide when the vote for the trial should proceed. They could've done the trial the next day or a day later but he deliberately waited until Mr. Trump was no longer in office. The shrewd senator knew all along that he was going to interject this loophole when the time for the vote would come. Hence on the one side, he denounced Mr. Trump, as, “practically and morally responsible...” for what happened on Capitol Hill. Thus, he got even with Mr. Trump who has said some critical things about Mr. McConnell. Moreover, I think Senator McConnell hoped to clip the wings of Mr. Trump for any future exercise of power and at the same time try to stay on good terms with Mr. Trump’s base and the seventy-four million that voted for him. Senator McConnell did make it clear that Mr. Trump was not out of the woods yet, but there was a possibility that there will be civil and criminal lawsuits put forth by various prosecutors. To repeat, it was crystal clear to everyone that the presentation by the House management team should have resulted in a guilty verdict for Mr. Trump. But the team was up against almost impossible obstacles. They had to win not only the argument of Mr. Trump’s guilt but also had to win enough Senators who would vote for their country’s interest and not their own. A Reminder of my Basketball Playing Days It reminded me of my basketball playing days in the park or gym. There was a player, I'll call his name John, who would vigorously and disruptively argue the call or the decision that questioned every play that went against him. He generally won his arguments as players grew weary of arguing and would let him have his way. Early on I became aware that you had to not only beat him playing the game, but also win the arguments if you were going to win the game, winning the game meant that you stayed on the court and continued to play the next team. You could stay on the court and continue to play as long as you desire. I decided that I'd rather have him on my team than play against him. After all, most of us had come to the gym or to the park just to have fun. If we won it was okay, and if we lost it was no big thing as long as we had a good run or exercise. But to John, it seemed that he had a psychological need to win every game and to win every argument. Similarly, the House prosecution team had to win not only the legal arguments to convict Mr. Trump but also, they had to win against political interests and corruption. As I stated, it was a near impossible task. So, I don’t think anyone was surprised when Mr. Trump was found not guilty. But to repeat for emphasis the prosecution team and all fair-minded observers were unanimous in their agreement that Mr. Trump was guilty as charged. P.S. Last heard Mr. Trump is Mr. Trump, still the same. A Republican conference was recently convened at his Mar-a Lago Club in Florida. Mr. Trump assailed his opponents in his usual vicious way. In particular, he went after the former Majority Leader of the House of Representatives John Boehner. Mr. Boehner had accused Mr. Trump of being the instigator in the Capitol Hill insurrection (As an aside, Mr. Boehner called Senator Ted Cruz of Texas, “Lucifer in the flesh.”) I thought I was the first to use Lucifer in the political discussion, but it appears that it was Mr. Boehner, at least his book On the House: A Washington Memoir suggests that he was first to use the term. Mr. Trump blasted Senator McConnell calling him, “a dumb son of a b----.” In addition to the name-calling, Mr. Trump was still spewing forth the fraudulent claim that the election was stolen from him. So it looks as though Mr. Trump is going to be around for a long time unless as Senator McConnell suggested he’d be found guilty of criminal charges. To be continued...

Returning to the Violence In America We will now return to the study of violence. The violence that we already covered was almost exclusively directed towards individuals or a small group of individuals- twos, and threes. Now I want to turn our attention toward mob violence in which whole communities were destroyed or massacres took place. The New York Draft Riots of 1863 One of the worst cases of mob attacks on AA took place in New York City in 1863. In Dr. Gates' massive tome, The Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience written by Robert Fay records the story of the 1863 riots. I want to quote the article in its entirety. I feel that the reader should get full and accurate teaching of the horrific attacks on Black people in Northern American cities like Toledo, Cincinnati, Harrisburg, and Detroit, the economic and social disruption caused by the Civil war led to violence-directed acts at free Northern Blacks. “But the New York City Draft Riots of 1863 was by far the most violent. Factors contributing to the riots were labor unrest, unfair draft laws, in an unpopular war, ethnic tensions, and disruptive gangs. Before the 1840s New York City Blacks held most of the city's jobs as long showmen, hod carriers, brick makers, barbers, waiters, and domestic servants. Irish immigrants, particularly those arriving after 1846, competed with Blacks for these unskilled jobs and eventually gained control of the occupations, leaving many Blacks to work only as strikebreakers. The animosity between New York whites and blacks was further intensified by the Emancipation Proclamation. Democratic politicians used it to their advantage, by claiming paradoxically, that Republicans would transport free people to New York to replace white workers while lazy Blacks lived on relief services provided by industrious whites. Shortly after President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, Congress passed the Conscription Act, which had a provision allowing a draftee to decline service for a $300 fee. This financial arrangement widened class division. against The three-day riot began on July 13th as a protest the Conscription Act. After the protestors, many of them Irish laborers destroyed draft headquarters, they roamed the streets at times raising entire city blocks, cutting telegraph lines, tearing up railroad tracks, and causing factories and shops to be closed. They assaulted the officers of the New York Tribune, trying to find the pro-union editor Horace Greeley, and they attacked the home of the city’s provost marshal. The mob then split into groups. Some destroyed mansions: others attacked the mayor's house in a failed attempt to level it. Still, others targeted New York Black residents with intense violence. They terrorized Blacks, burned the Color Orphan Asylum, and looted the Colored Home. They raided and destroyed homes, they shot, charged, clubbed, burned, and hanged black victims. Eleven blacks were killed by rioters. Most Blacks fled the city, but a few desperately sought the sanctuary of police stations' jail cells. Union army regiments-including some men returning from the Battle of Gettysburg- finally restored order. Though New York City merchants raised 50,000 to raise Black victims and rebuild the Colored Orphan Asylum the psychiatric scars remain. By 1865 New York's Blacks population had decreased by 20% from 12,072 to 9,945, because of the fear arising from the three-nights uprising in July 1863.” In addition to the New York Riots there were many other white mob violence against Black communities: Colfax, Louisiana April 1883 One hundred and fifty Black men were murdered by whites with guns and canons for trying to assemble at the courthouse. Because anything was thrown in the Red River the exact count of the massacre wasn’t known and hardly would ever be known. But rest assured it was far more than the hundred and fifty. Wilmington, North Carolina 1898 In 1898 Wilmington, North Carolina had a majority Black population. There were several elected officials and the communities were thriving economically. The media in Wilmington, as all over the U.S.A., reported inflammatory speeches about white supremacists. By 1898, Black men were prevented from voting forcing the Black elected officials out of office. (The same old bloody story as it relates to the electoral process) But, in spite of the vicious attacks by whites, they couldn’t stop Black economic power, so they devastated Wilmington. The day after the election whites overthrew the government, destroyed the printing press, and forced out the mayor. Sixty to three-hundred black people were killed. Atlanta Massacre 1906 On September 22nd, 1906 Atlanta newspaper reported four white women claimed they were assaulted by Black men. The allegations were totally untrue. (Probably they wished it were so. These lies of white women attacked by Black men -- probably were erotic fantasies. After all white women knew that what they were claiming happened to them was the opposite. White men were attacking Black women.) The lies of sexual assault drove over two thousand white terrorists into the streets. They beat, stabbed, and killed any Black person they met. Whole communities were destroyed and over one hundred Blacks were killed according to the official count. Probably many, many more than that were killed, beaten, stabbed, lynched, and land and homes confiscated. W.E.B Du Bois profoundly moving poem captures the horrors and savagery of the Atlanta Riots -- A Litany of Atlanta “O SILENT GOD, Thou whose voice afar in mist and mystery hath left our ears an-hungered in these fearful days— Hear us, good Lord! Listen to us, Thy children: our faces dark with doubt are made a mockery in Thy sanctuary. With uplifted hands we front Thy heaven, O God, crying: We beseech Thee to hear us, good Lord! We are not better than our fellows, Lord, we are but weak and human men. When our devils do deviltry, curse Thou the doer and the deed: curse them as we curse them, do to them all and more than ever they have done to innocence and weakness, to womanhood and home. Have mercy upon us, miserable sinners! And yet whose is the deeper guilt? Who made these devils? Who nursed them in crime and fed them on injustice? Who ravished and debauched their mothers and their grandmothers? Who bought and sold their crime, and waxed fat and rich on public iniquity? Thou knowest, good God! Is this Thy justice, O Father, that guile be easier than innocence, and the innocent crucified for the guilt of the untouched guilty? Justice, O judge of men! 10 Wherefore do we pray? Is not the God of the fathers dead? Have not seers seen in Heaven’s halls Thine hearsed and lifeless form stark amidst the black and rolling smoke of sin; where all along bow bitter forms of endless dead? Awake, Thou that sleepest! Thou art not dead, but flown afar, up hills of endless light, thru blazing corridors of suns, where worlds do swing of good and gentle men, of women strong and free—far from the cozenage, black hypocrisy, and chaste prostitution of this shameful speck of dust! Turn again, O Lord, leave us not to perish in our sin!” To be continued...

Sunday, July 17th Sunday, our usual basketball prayer and camaraderie. My nephew, Minister Gregory accompanied me all along the way Saturday and also Sunday. Also we did our men's prayer from 8:45am-9:15 and afternoon service 11:30-1pm. I did two radio programs: 10-10:30am Imhotep WBLS, WBAI respectively, the subject was the both programs hosted by Imhotep and Herb Boyd. We dealt with the following subjects: the passing of Al Vann, Nelson Mandela’s birthday on 7/18 and the challenges of the troubled world and how to deal with stress in today’s world. Very briefly I suggested eight acts: Live Right, Sleep Right, Eat Right, Exercise Right, Sleep Right, Think Right, Laugh Right, and Give Right. And by giving I explain three things: 1.) Intangible: give encouragement, give praises 2.) Tangible: give contributions, give tithes, offerings 3.) Give Yourself. It has been said that the happiest people and therefore the people without being stressed out are the people who have found a cause to which they could give themselves bigger than themselves and outlive themselves. Regarding Al Vann I talk about what is in the article and Mandela, I mentioned that I had the honor along with my grandson Minister Lorenzo Daughtry-Chambers participating in the funeral and the burial of the 17 ministers that were officiating. Only Reverend Jesse Jackson and I were the only two non-South Africans.

Now, to call what happened to people of African Ancestry, violence does not even begin to convey how deep and pervasive the indescribable cruelty that was inflicted upon people of African Ancestry (P.A.A.)* For example, whole communities were destroyed and the black inhabitants were killed or brutalized and properties confiscated: Washington, D.C. 1919 “One of the first Black men killed during the Red Summer violence in Washington, D.C., was Randall Neal, a 22-year-old veteran who had just returned home from the war, according to the Equal Justice Initiative. Neal’s killing sparked the “D.C. Race Riot of 1919,” which began on July 19. Black veterans organized and retaliated against the attack on Neal and others, as if in battle. “In the negro district along U Street from Seventh to Fourteenth streets,” reported the Washington Post, “Negroes began early in the evening to take vengeance for assaults on their race in the downtown district the night before.” “Race war galloped wildly through the streets of Washington last night, reaping a death toll of four and a list of wounded running into the hundreds,” the Washington Times reported on July 22. “Bands of whites and blacks hunted each other like clansmen throughout the night, the blood feud growing steadily. From nightfall to nearly dawn ambulances bore their steady stream of dead and wounded to hospitals.” President Woodrow Wilson ordered federal troops into the city to quell the violence. “I remember talking to an elder,” said C.R. Gibbs, an author, and historian of the African diaspora. “He spoke with pride about guns brought in from Baltimore. Black people took up rooftop positions. They were determined to pick off members of the white mobs, [who had] infiltrated Black neighborhoods.” The official death toll was 15. The total damage to the property is unknown. The riot, Gibbs said, was fueled by “not just blind race hatred, but resentment of social gains the Black community made just after World War I. When we embraced the capitalist aesthetic, folks lynched us. When we showed we were prosperous, people burned down stores on the premise we violated social codes and legal codes.” Two of the most famous white mob terrorist attacks on Black communities were Tulsa and Rosewood. Tulsa, Oklahoma May 1921 On the above date, a white girl accused a Black teenager of assault in Downtown Tulsa. This sparked a wave of white terror attacks equal to, and by some accounts, surpassed anything equal to white barbarism in Tulsa. Three hundred, and probably far more Black people were murdered. The communities that are thriving communities were destroyed. The Black community was called the Black Wall Street. When the rampaging blood-thirsty whites were finished death and destruction were everywhere. Rosewood, Florida 1923 On January 1st, 1923, a white woman Fannie Taylor claimed she was assaulted by a Black man (Here we go again, and I repeat I am convinced that at least some of these white women were fantasizing.) The first person killed was Sam Carter, a respected blacksmith resident. He was tortured and mutilated. His body hung from a tree, left there to the delight of the gazing crowd of whites. After Rosewood was destroyed a grand jury and special prosecutor decided there wasn’t enough evidence of white men killing innocent Blacks. *I prefer People of African Ancestry when referring to people we call Black. I think it is a more appropriate way of defining people rather than by color. Let me emphasize, I have no problem with the color Black or being called Black. It is just an inadequate way of defining people. The reality is people who are defined as Black, members of the Black race, are not all Black, there are various shades. And the people we define as yellow are not really yellow. In fact, we are reluctant to use the term yellow, because it also refers to behavior. And the people who define themselves as white are really not white but might be defined as colorless or paleface but because white connotes a lot of expressions of what is good and superior, people in power have defined themselves as white. In my book, My Beloved Community published by Africa World Press, in a chapter on the history of racism of color prejudice I cite that “there were black people who had their own theory on the origin of the whites. Thin lips, straight hair and white skin they said originated from an Albino ape, who was the ancestor of the whites. There were Black Christians dipping into the Bible who had their origin of white skin too. All men they said were originally Black, but when God shouted at Cain in the Garden of Eden for having killed Abel he turned white from fright. Some Rabbis, on the other hand, said Cain turned black as a curse. Certain American Negroes also believed that white skin was caused by leprosy.” The people we call white might more accurately be defined as Anglo-Saxons or Euro-Ethnics or Caucasians or Aryans whatever the racial background that connects them to a continent or country. It is interesting that Vice President Kamala Harris is usually referred to as East Indian and Black. While part of the reference is to a continent her African Ancestry is defined as Black. Why? I believe there is still a misunderstanding of Africa. People in power controlling the imagery and information machinery still want people to believe especially P.A.A people that Africa was a backward continent, uncivilized, and made no contribution to civilization. Also, Africa is treated as though it did not exist. Thus, Kamala is proud of East Indian Ancestry but she’s Black, no continent, no country, just Black. I don’t know if anyone has ever done the research on when, where, and why Americans and other countries started defining people with reference to pigmentation. To be continued...

Returning to Violence in America In addition to the above cities already mentioned, the Summer of 1919 is called Red Summer 1919 because of its extensive violent massacre. Red Summer 1919 will always be remembered as one of the bloodiest if not the bloodiest years in America’s violent history towards people of African Ancestry. In Brooklyn, New York we had our own Red Summer we called it the History of the Bloody Summer of 78’ (after violence politically) So, the rampaging insurrectionist violence in Washington on January 6, 2021, is no more than a replay of what had happened in America. Going back almost to the beginning. And the key to almost maybe all the violence related to the electoral process was the denial of Black participation. I cannot help but wonder where the nation would have had it corrected the first instance of violence towards Blacks trying to exercise their political rights. Surely the country would be much further toward a more perfect union. The Scripture is so true; we reap what we sow. The progenitors of this present generation of white racist terrorists express the behavior of their ancestors. Cite Stolen Lives book Violence by the Legal System includes: Police killings (who they’ve killed) Violence by the Court System (sentenced unfairly the New Jim Crow- book) Correctional Facilities Jail Cells Violence/ Appeal system

The History and Spirit of the House of the Lord Churches Sunday, June 12, 2022 Global Symposium Sunday, June 12 from 12pm - 4pm EST on Zoom was the final day of the weekend commemoration of the largest peace/nuclear disarmament/human needs demonstration in history. I could feel the weight rolling off my shoulders and a serenity eased across my mind. An overwhelming feeling of gratitude to all the people who worked with us to make this year’s June 12th a great success. And I especially want to thank God who made it all possible. The day's event consisted of three panels, each panel had four presenters and a moderator and each panel was assigned the subjects: Race, Class, and Nuclear Weapons: Links in the Same Chain; It Starts in the Classroom: The Importance of Education in the Nuclear Disarmament Movement; Climate Change, Nuclear Weapons and the Future of the Planet with breakout rooms for Q&A and further participation. When I read Professor Vincent Intondi’s book, “African-Americans Against the Bomb” I began to wonder if the format that he had adopted helped him in writing his next book. I must say, however, that his book was very interesting and informative. I’d like to share significant references from the book. In the introduction, he lays out a brief overview of what his objective was in writing the book. He underscores, contrary to the opinions held in some places by some people, African-Americans were in the peace movement or the nuclear disarmament movement for a long time. Their involvement did not start in 1982. After the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, Nagasaki African Americans immediately reacted. From 1945, there were many in the African American community who were zealously supporting nuclear disarmament. Even when others no longer were a part of the movement, during the MacArthur year, Blacks were still on the battlefield. Professor Intondi pointed out that as a result of others leaving the fight allowed the struggle to abolish nuclear weapons to reemerge powerfully in the 70s and beyond. He writes: “... Black leaders never gave up the nuclear issue or failed to see its importance; by so doing, they broadened the Black Freedom movement and helped to define it in terms of global human rights.” Further, he writes, “While African Americans immediately condemned the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, not all of the activists protested for the same reason. For some, race was the issue. Many in the black community agreed with Langston Hughes’s assertion that racism was at the heart of Truman’s decision to use nuclear weapons in Japan. Why did the United States not drop atomic bombs on Italy or Germany, Hughes asked. Black activists’ fear that race played a major role in the decision to use atomic bombs only increased when the United States threatened to use nuclear weapons in Korea in the 1950s and in Vietnam a decade later. For others, mostly black leftists ensconced in Popular Front groups, the nuclear issue was connected to colonialism. From the United States’ obtaining uranium from the Belgian-controlled Congo to France’s testing a nuclear weapon in the Sahara, activists saw a direct link between those who possessed nuclear weapons and those who colonized the nonwhite world. However, for many ordinary black citizens, fighting for a nuclear disarmament simply translated into a more peaceful world. The bomb, then, became the link that connected all of these issues and brought together musicians, artists, peace activists, leftists, clergy, journalists, and ordinary citizens inside the black community.” “Twenty-three years later, on February 6, 1968, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. also stepped up to the pulpit to warn against the use of nuclear weapons. Addressing the second mobilization of the Clergy and Laymen Concerned About Vietnam (CALCAV)” I remember the first time in April 1967 when Dr. King spoke for CALCAV at the Riverside Church in Manhattan, NY. I was there. The Pastor Dr. William Sloane Coffin had been one of the founding organizers of CALCAV. As I have written, I like to feel that maybe I had something to do with Dr. King’s participation with CALCAV. At the mass weekend rally and sit-in in Washington, D.C. in 1965, the leadership was all white. I complained to one of the organizers, Dr. McAfee Brown of Stanford University, “Why are there no National Black leaders involved?” He looked surprised and said something like, “I really don’t know but we gotta fix it.” In his speech at the second mobilization of CALCAV, Dr. King spoke passionately to end the war and claimed that if the USA used nuclear weapons in Vietnam the earth would be transformed into an inferno. Dr. King made it abundantly clear that the Black Freedom Struggle in America and the need for nuclear disarmament were inextricably linked together. He said, “These two issues are tied together in many, many ways. It is a wonderful thing to work to integrate lunch counters, public accommodations, and schools. But it would be rather absurd to work to get schools and lunch counters integrated and not be concerned with the survival of a world in which to integrate. And I am convinced that these two issues are tied inextricably together and I feel that the people who are working for civil rights are working for peace; I feel that the people working for peace are working for civil rights and justice.” Almost fifteen years later, Dr. Intondi continues to write, “June 12, 1982, nearly one million activists and concerned citizens gathered in New York City for what would become known as the largest antinuclear demonstration in the history of the United States and as far as I know anywhere in the world.” “A large contingent of minority groups organized under the Reverend Herbert Daughtry’s National Black United Front was among the thousands of protesters. Marching through Harlem, these activists, including prominent African Americans Harry Belafonte, Chaka Khan, Toni Morrison, Ossie Davis, and Ruby Dee, demanded an end to the nuclear arms race and a shift from defense spending to helping the poor. When asked why they were marching, Dick Gregory responded, “to write the unwritten page of the Constitution, dealing with the right to live free from nuclear terror.” Professor Intondi, made the bold statement, “The black freedom struggle cannot be properly understood without exploring anti-nuclear campaigns. African Americans' views of nuclear weapons directly influence their response to other international issues. Therefore, examining the African Americans response to the nuclear threat will not only add to the rich body of scholarship dedicated to African Americans and global affairs but will alter the way we discuss these subjects.” “By 1981, the Reagan administration had continued to perpetuate the nuclear arms race by cutting programs that really benefited the poor. Around the world, countries that already possessed nuclear weapons were adding to their arsenals and more nations were seeking to join the nuclear club. At the same time, lifelong activists and concerned citizens mobilized into what was known as the “Nuclear Freeze” campaign. The goal was not to propose any new, elaborate solution to the Cold War. They simply called for a “freeze” on the production, testing, and deployment of all nuclear weapons and delivery vehicles.” On the West Coast, a massive We Have a Dream Rally was held in Pasadena, CA. The event was sponsored by the Alliance for Survival, the Interfaith Committee for the Year of Shalom, and the SCLS, among others. African American Mayor of Pasadena Loretta Glickman, actors LaVar Burton, Mike Farrell, and Donna Mills, James Lawson, and President Reagan’s daughter Patti Davis addressed the crowd. Stevie Wonder, Bob Dylan, Joan Baez, Joe Walsh, Linda Ronstadt, Jackson Browne, and Graham Nash performed. Addressing the 100,000 in attendance, Jesse Jackson declared, “We shall march until there is no more war and no more weapons. The world faces a critical choice – to freeze weapons or burn the people. We’re not the only nation who ever made an atomic bomb, but we’re the only nation that ever dropped one. We must wake up and tell the world, we must have peace now.” Jackson urged the crowd to “choose life and choose a new president.” “On the day of the rally, June 12, 1982, fifty percent of the leadership was Black.” The other day Charles Barron and I were rehearsing the events of June 12th. He, and Michael Amun Ra I called him “Seed”, were assigned to the daily struggle with the leadership of the demonstration. They tried to eliminate or exclude NBUF. Some of the white leaders had used their considerable influence and money to persuade even some of the black leaders to their cause. But we had secured the territory. They wanted to have the rally in front of the UN and then march to Central Park. We had secured legally the right to have the rally at the UN. They had to eventually open the leadership to allow us full participation. We organized the so-called Third World People and we insisted that we would have one-third of everything – everything meaning, one-third promotion, one-third of the program, one-third of monies to be used for the event, etc. I was one of the few if not the only speaker who spoke in front of the United Nations and at Central Park. On the stage at Central Park, there was a person who for whatever reason thought he was in charge. Charles Barron and “Seed” threatened to throw him off the stage. It was unnecessary to do so. He quietly took himself to a corner and there he sat and nothing more.

“Twenty-three years later, on February 6, 1968, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. also stepped up to the pulpit to warn against the use of nuclear weapons. Addressing the second mobilization of the Clergy and Laymen Concerned About Vietnam (CALCAV)” I remember the first time in April 1967 when Dr. King spoke for CALCAV at the Riverside Church in Manhattan, NY. I was there. Pastor Dr. William Sloane Coffin had been one of the founding organizers of CALCAV. As I have written, I like to feel that maybe I had something to do with Dr. King’s participation with CALCAV. At the mass weekend rally and sit-in in Washington, D.C. in 1965, the leadership was all white. I complained to one of the organizers, Dr. McAfee Brown of Stanford University, “Why are there no National Black leaders involved?” He looked surprised and said something like, “I really don’t know but we gotta fix it.” In his speech at the second mobilization of CALCAV, Dr. King spoke passionately to end the war and claimed that if the USA used nuclear weapons in Vietnam the earth would be transformed into an inferno. Dr. King made it abundantly clear that the Black Freedom Struggle in America and the need for nuclear disarmament were inextricably linked together. He said, “These two issues are tied together in many, many ways. It is a wonderful thing to work to integrate lunch counters, public accommodations, and schools. But it would be rather absurd to work to get schools and lunch counters integrated and not be concerned with the survival of a world in which to integrate. And I am convinced that these two issues are tied inextricably together and I feel that the people who are working for civil rights are working for peace; I feel that the people working for peace are working for civil rights and justice.” Almost fifteen years later, Dr. Intondi continues to write, “June 12, 1982, nearly one million activists and concerned citizens gathered in New York City for what would become known as the largest antinuclear demonstration in the history of the United States and as far as I know anywhere in the world.” “A large contingent of minority groups organized under the Reverend Herbert Daughtry’s National Black United Front was among the thousands of protesters. Marching through Harlem, these activists, including prominent African Americans Harry Belafonte, Chaka Khan, Toni Morrison, Ossie Davis, and Ruby Dee, demanded an end to the nuclear arms race and a shift from defense spending to helping the poor. When asked why they were marching, Dick Gregory responded, “to write the unwritten page of the Constitution, dealing with the right to live free from nuclear terror.” Professor Intondi, made the bold statement, “The black freedom struggle cannot be properly understood without exploring anti-nuclear campaigns. African Americans' views of nuclear weapons directly influence their response to other international issues. Therefore, examining the African Americans' response to the nuclear threat will not only add to the rich body of scholarship dedicated to African Americans and global affairs but will alter the way we discuss these subjects.” “By 1981, the Reagan administration had continued to perpetuate the nuclear arms race by cutting programs that really benefited the poor. Around the world, countries that already possessed nuclear weapons were adding to their arsenals and more nations were seeking to join the nuclear club. At the same time, lifelong activists and concerned citizens mobilized into what was known as the “Nuclear Freeze” campaign. The goal was not to propose any new, elaborate solution to the Cold War. They simply called for a “freeze” on the production, testing and deployment of all nuclear weapons and delivery vehicles.” On the West Coast, a massive We Have a Dream Rally was held in Pasadena, CA. The event was sponsored by the Alliance for Survival, the Interfaith Committee for the Year of Shalom, and the SCLS, among others. African American Mayor of Pasadena Loretta Glickman, actors LaVar Burton, Mike Farrell, and Donna Mills, James Lawson, and President Reagan’s daughter Patti Davis addressed the crowd. Stevie Wonder, Bob Dylan, Joan Baez, Joe Walsh, Linda Ronstadt, Jackson Browne, and Graham Nash performed. Addressing the 100,000 in attendance, Jesse Jackson declared, “We shall march until there is no more war and no more weapons. The world faces a critical choice – to freeze weapons or burn the people. We’re not the only nation who ever made an atomic bomb, but we’re the only nation that ever dropped one. We must wake up and tell the world, we must have peace now.” Jackson urged the crowd to “choose life and choose a new president.” “On the day of the rally, June 12, 1982, fifty percent of the leadership was Black.” The other day Charles Barron and I were rehearsing the events of June 12th. He, and Michael Amun Ra I called him “Seed”, were assigned to the daily struggle with the leadership of the demonstration. They tried to eliminate or exclude NBUF. Some of the white leaders had used their considerable influence and money to persuade even some of the black leaders to their cause. But we had secured the territory. They wanted to have the rally in front of the UN and then march to Central Park. We had secured legally the right to have the rally at the UN. They had to eventually open the leadership to allow us full participation. We organized the so-called Third World People and we insisted that we would have one-third of everything – everything meaning, one-third promotion, one-third of the program, one-third of monies to be used for the event, etc. I was one of the few if not the only speaker who spoke in front of the United Nations and at Central Park. On the stage at Central Park there was a person who for whatever reason thought he was in charge. Charles Barron and “Seed” threatened to throw him off the stage. It was unnecessary to do so. He quietly took himself to a corner and there he sat and nothing more.

The History and Spirit of the House of the Lord Churches National Action Network (NAN) Saturday 6/11 - I spoke at the National Action Network, Reverend Al Sharpton had been one of the organizing committees. In my remarks I rehearsed the history of June 12th, the Department of Defense’s military budget is $75.5 billion dollars and this does not include the Overseas Contingency Budget Operation, nor does that include the DOD’s base budget, that comes to $933 trillion dollars while there’s a desperate need for programs for the needy. I have heard it said that America is one of the sickest nations in the world. At the same time, America is said to be one of the richest nations in the world. What a glaring contradiction. While millions of Americans' income is below the poverty line, yet the rich get richer and do not pay their fair share of taxes. The poor get poorer. Neighborhoods are deteriorating. Roads are crumbling. Bridges are falling down. Homelessness is pervasive. What Congress has given freely to war, death, and destruction, human needs in comparison is a pittance. And there is stiff resistance to its allocation. Also, I discussed the war in Ukraine. There was an agreement between negotiators of Ukraine and Russia that called for Russia’s withdrawal from Ukraine and the granting of Ukraine’s full independence. For that Ukraine would not join NATO but would be free and independent, nor would it have an army but would trust the United Nations to supply a military presence. In other words, Ukraine would be completely neutral. For some reason, it was rejected. And so, the war continues. I’m including the actual quote from an article written by Michael von der Schulenberg. He was a former senior German diplomat with the United Nations and with the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe: “The key elements for a peaceful solution have already been worked out by courageous Russian and Ukrainian negotiators in the first two months of the war. According to these, Ukraine would renounce NATO membership and not allow any foreign military bases on Ukrainian soil, while Russia would commit to recognizing Ukraine’s territorial integrity, withdraw all Russian troops from Ukraine and accept international security guarantees for Ukraine. It had also already been tentatively agreed to give a special status to the Donbas within Ukrainian territory (as already foreseen in Minsk II) and to resolve the future status of Crimea at a later stage through purely diplomatic means. Certainly, this is not a complete peace treaty – not yet; many difficult details remain unresolved. But the outcome of these peace negotiations, even if only provisional, represents an astonishing achievement at a time of war. There is and will be no other peaceful solution than to agree to some form of Ukrainian neutrality to preserve Ukraine's territorial integrity. It would be completely illusory to assume, as some Western governments like to claim, that such a peace treaty is a purely Ukrainian responsibility and that they should stay out. To use this to justify the West's silence on Russian-Ukrainian peace efforts is highly disingenuous.” And as the war continues, this is the most dangerous time for war than the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962. I urged the audience to become informed and to get involved in these global issues. After all, as Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. observed a long time ago, "what does it mean to have access to restaurants, hotels, etc. if nuclear war can blow us all off the map.” The speech was overwhelmingly received. NAN gave my speech a standing ovation. Washington D.C. Rally Our next event for the day was in Washington, D.C. but, unbelievably, there were no cars to be leased. Our delegation had decided to rent a car. Again we had the competition of gun violence. We believed that that was the cause or at least one of the causes for all the cars being leased. It was reported that hundreds of thousands were in Washington for the gun rally. We learned later that even the equipment people charged with setting up the sound system were trapped in that huge crowd and the rally had to be delayed. I would like to interject here that we, the organizers of June 12th, saw no dichotomy between gun violence in the streets of America and war abroad, they were connected we felt. We had scheduled a rally on Pennsylvania Avenue, in front of the White House. Not to be defeated, I spoke to the rally via conference call. I was told that my message was clear and convincing. I made some of the same points that I expressed at NAN. One of the main subjects that was different was the military budget and the threat of nuclear war. While I addressed these issues, as I stated, I put more emphasis on these two issues. I should point out that the rally in Washington was organized by the Hiroshima Nagasaki Peace Committee (HNPC). I have pointed out in other places that they were exceptionally supportive on the original June 12, 1982. There were racists who sought to exclude us. Primarily the National Black United Front. We organized Third-World People into a Third-World People Progressive Alliance. I traveled to various cities telling people what happened with the organizers of June 12th. One of the cities I visited was Washington D.C. I met Mr. John Steinbach. He set up meetings with organizations spearheaded by The HNPC Washington D.C. area committee. After hearing my story they agreed to support us. They brought over 31 buses to the rally in New York on the day of the rally, June 12th. I always felt gratitude to John Steinbach for his generous support. We met nine times in our organizing for the Washington, D.C. event. We had 9 weekly zoom sessions. Following is my speech: Herbert Daughtry Global Ministries on the Occasion of the 40th Anniversary Hiroshima Nagasaki Peace Committee Rev. Dr. Herbert Daughtry Sr., Honorable Sirs and Madams, As Emeritus National Presiding Prelate of the House of the Lord Churches and Chairman of the National Black United Front and at the present Founding President of the Herbert Daughtry Global Ministries, with profound praise, appreciation, and gratitude. I wish to convey our congratulations to the Hiroshima Nagasaki Peace Committee (HNPC) on its 40th Anniversary. For four decades you have not faltered nor failed to fulfill the vision of your founders, Louise Franklin- Ramirez and Josephine Butler: “let us work unceasingly to establish a just peace to oppose militarism, and to completely dismantle all nuclear weapons, that the world's children will be free of the threat of nuclear war and share and enjoy the beneficent and bountiful future.” Let me say at this point we, The Herbert Daughtry Global Ministries share the vision of your founders. We work, advocate, and pray for a world in which all enjoy freedom, justice, and equality where there is quality education, health services, and meaningful employment for all in a world of sustainable energy, nuclear disarmament, and peace between nations and individuals. The world is indebted to you for all that you have done and are doing. I tremble to think where we humans would be — if we would be at all— if there had been no Hiroshima Nagasaki Peace Committee and like-minded organizations and individuals who have been in the struggle for lo these many years, and have declared they will be in the struggle until the end. Especially with all the emphasis I can command, on behalf of the Third World Progressive Committee, we owe you and are deeply indebted to the Hiroshima Nagasaki Peace Committee. In 1981/82 when world leaders were convening in great global demand for the disarmament of nuclear weapons, there were powerful racists who sought to block the participation of the National Black United Front which I headed at the time. But because we had secured the permit for the sites that they wished to hold their demonstrations they were forced to deal with us. We expanded our original group to include all so-called “third world people”. We named the group the Third World Progressive Committee and commenced the hard work of deepening and increasing our coalition. We became an integral part of the Internal Leadership of the Disarmament Committee. We demanded and received ⅓ of all the Disarmament Committee activities. ⅓ of progressive people participated in the program and ⅓ of the budget for promotion and other expenses. I called John Steinbach and asked him to arrange a meeting for me to speak to the Washington D.C area HNPC. To the eternal credit of John, he effectuated my request. We journeyed to Washington, D.C. I spoke to the members of the HNPC. I gave them an update on what was happening in the International Disarmament Committee and how we were organizing. The HNPC wholeheartedly endorsed our efforts and became members of a Third World Progressive Committee and helped us in our organizing work. For the event, on June 12, 1982, they brought three busloads to New York. The event will always be remembered as the greatest peace disarmament rally ever held. Over one million people from across the world came to New York for the nuclear disarmament rallies and demonstrations. I spoke twice, first in front of the United Nations then we marched to Central Park where we continued the rally. And again I was asked to address the rally. I WANT TO MAKE A PROPOSAL THAT WE COMMENCE ORGANIZING IMMEDIATELY FOR NEXT YEAR'S 40TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE GREATEST NUCLEAR DISARMAMENT RALLY EVER HELD. May God bless our efforts and allow us to see the day in the words of the Holy Scriptures of the Christian faith. “God shall judge between the nations, and shall arbitrate for many peoples; they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning hooks; nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more.” Isaiah 2:4

Sunday, June 12, 2022 Global Symposium Sunday, June 12 from 12pm - 4pm EST on Zoom was the final day of the weekend commemoration of the largest peace/nuclear disarmament/human needs demonstration in history. I could feel the weight rolling off my shoulders and a serenity eased across my mind. An overwhelming feeling of gratitude to all the people who worked with us to make this year’s June 12th a great success. And I especially want to thank God who made it all possible. The day's event consisted of three panels, each panel had four presenters and a moderator and each panel was assigned the subjects: Race, Class, and Nuclear Weapons: Links in the Same Chain; It Starts in the Classroom: The Importance of Education in the Nuclear Disarmament Movement; Climate Change, Nuclear Weapons and the Future of the Planet with breakout rooms for Q&A and further participation. When I read Professor Vincent Intondi’s book, “African-Americans Against the Bomb” I began to wonder if the format that he had adopted helped him in writing his next book. I must say however, that his book was very interesting and informative. I’d like to share significant references from the book. In the introduction he lays out a brief overview of what his objective was in writing the book. He underscores, contrary to the opinions held in some places by some people, African-Americans were in the peace movement or the nuclear disarmament movement for a long time. Their involvement did not start in 1982. After the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, Nagasaki African Americans immediately reacted. From 1945, there were many in the African American community who were zealously supporting nuclear disarmament. Even when others no longer were a part of the movement, during the MacArthur year, Blacks were still on the battlefield. Professor Intondi pointed out that as a result of others leaving the fight this allowed the struggle to abolish nuclear weapons to reemerge powerfully in the 70s and beyond. He writes: “... Black leaders never gave up the nuclear issue or failed to see its importance; by so doing, they broadened the Black Freedom movement and helped to define it in terms of global human rights.” Further he writes, “While African Americans immediately condemned the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, not all of the activists protested for the same reason. For some, race was the issue. Many in the black community agreed with Langston Hughes’s assertion that racism was at the heart of Truman’s decision to use nuclear weapons in Japan. Why did the United States not drop atomic bombs on Italy or Germany, Hughes asked. Black activists’ fear that race played a major role in the decision to use atomic bombs only increased when the United States threatened to use nuclear weapons in Korea in the 1950s and in Vietnam a decade later. For others, mostly black leftists ensconced in Popular Front groups, the nuclear issue was connected to colonialism. From the United States’ obtaining uranium from the Belgian-controlled Congo to France’s testing a nuclear weapon in the Sahara, activists saw a direct link between those who possessed nuclear weapons and those who colonized the nonwhite world. However, for many ordinary black citizens, fighting for a nuclear disarmament simply translated into a more peaceful world. The bomb, then, became the link that connected all of these issues and brought together musicians, artists, peace activists, leftists, clergy, journalists, and ordinary citizens inside the black community.”